Cognitive Functioning and Aging. What’s Normal and What’s Not?

Aging is a natural and inevitable process that affects all of us as we age. Like any other organ, the brain also ages, resulting in subtle cognitive changes. 

“Normal” aging does not imply a significant loss in thinking and reasoning skills, such as memory, nor should it interfere with the ability to perform activities of daily living (e.g., personal care, household maintenance, work/study, community involvement, management of finances) or with the ability to live independently.

When should you be concerned? When there is a significant and pronounced decline that goes beyond what is considered “normal for age.” Some symptoms include, but are not limited to:  progressive and consistent loss of short-term memory, spatial and time disorientation, changes in behavior and personality, difficulty communicating, and difficulties making decisions and solving problems.

The above changes may indicate that something is wrong with the brain and may be indicative  of a neurodegenerative disorder (more commonly known as dementia). Some neurocognitive disorders can be reversible (e.g., changes may be due to a medicine or substance, an infection, endocrinological reasons) and others are gradual and progressive (e.g., Alzheimer). Also, there are psychiatric conditions that can have symptoms similar to a neurocognitive disorder (e.g., depression)

There are risk factors that we cannot control, such as age and genes. However, there are lifestyle choices under our control that contribute to brain health: 

• Reduce/treat cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol). Everything that’s good for your heart is good for your brain!!
• Don’t smoke
• Avoid hitting your head
• Eat a balanced diet that is lower in saturated fat and higher in fruits and vegetables.
• Good sleeping habits
• Take care of your mental health
• Stay socially active and engaged with others
• Stimulate and challenge your mind by learning something new or participating in games
• Exercise regularly

If you have concerns about cognitive decline in an older adult, it is important to seek professional help to distinguish between normal and pathological aging. A neuropsychological evaluation provides an in depth understanding of a person’s cognitive profile/functioning and helps with diagnostic clarification and treatment planning. Early detection may allow interventions that improve quality of life and disease management.

If you have concerns and think we can help, Contact Us now.